Damage activity and community programmes

Fishers

Tourism

Traders

Others

Experts

Resource damage activities

Littering on the shore

75 (1)

85 (1)

83 (1)

87 (2)

93 (1)

Discarded fishing equipments

72 (2)

81 (2)

73 (2)

88 (1)

58 (3)

Fishing in spawning area

65 (3)

60 (3)

55 (3)

45 (3)

72 (2)

Too many people fishing

32 (5)

48 (4)

44 (4)

43 (4)

55 (4)

Diving in the shallow part of MPA

58 (4)

30 (5)

29 (5)

29 (5)

20 (7)

Too many motorized boats

19 (6)

14 (6)

23 (6)

24 (6)

29 (5)

Fishing using hooks and line

12 (7)

13 (7)

16 (7)

18 (7)

19 (6)

Number of respondents k

30

32

29

14

23

Kendall coefficient of agreement u

0.448

0.496

0.352

0.304

0.315

Chi-square*

293.6

343.9

227.8

104.0

166.5

Community programmes

Establish artificial reefs for fishing

77 (1)

71 (1)

62 (1)

61 (3)

83 (1)

Provide technical training to the fishers

59 (2)

70 (2)

61 (2)

85 (2)

71 (2)

Provide micro credit

54 (3)

68 (3)

59 (3)

76 (1)

64 (3)

Establish aquaculture in the sea

52 (4)

48 (4)

51 (4)

43 (5)

46 (4)

Fishing access to inshore fisheries

31 (6)

31 (5)

34 (6)

36 (6)

36 (6)

Building residence for tourists

31 (6)

39 (5)

42 (5)

48 (4)

43 (5)

Reduce the MPA area

44 (5)

22 (7)

27 (7)

23 (7)

23 (7)

Number of respondents

30

32

29

14

23

Kendall coefficient of agreement u

0.370

0.469

0.551

0.314

0.224

Chi-square*

168.8

208.0

247.2

138.6

153.2